ER (TV series)

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This article is about the medical drama series. For the sitcom, see E/R.
ER

ER title card.
Format Medical Drama
Created by Michael Crichton
Starring Current cast:
Parminder Nagra
John Stamos
Linda Cardellini
Scott Grimes
David Lyons
Angela Bassett
Opening theme James Newton Howard
(1994–2006)
Martin Davich
(2006–Present)
Country of origin United States
No. of seasons 15
No. of episodes 319 (List of episodes)
Production
Camera setup Single
Running time 60 minutes (including commercials)
approx. 45 minutes (without commercials)
Production
company(s)		 Constant c Productions
Amblin Television
Warner Bros. Television
Broadcast
Original channel NBC
Picture format 480i (SDTV),
1080i (HDTV)
Original run September 19, 1994 – March 12, 2009
External links
Official website
IMDb profile
TV.com summary

ER is an Emmy Award-winning American medical drama series created by the late novelist Michael Crichton and airing on NBC. It is set primarily in the emergency room of fictional County General Hospital in Cook County, Chicago. It is produced by Constant c Productions and Amblin Entertainment in association with Warner Bros. Television Production, Inc.

ER is NBC's second longest-running drama (after Law & Order), and, at 15 seasons, the longest-running American primetime medical drama of all time.[1] It premiered on September 19, 1994 and has been aired on Thursday nights at 10:00 for its entire run. On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series will return for its 15th, concluding season,[2] and will run for 20 hours before the show retires with a two-hour series finale to be broadcast on March 12, 2009.[3][4]

In 1974, author Michael Crichton wrote a screenplay based on his own experiences as a medical resident in a busy ER. The screenplay went nowhere, and Crichton focused on other topics. In 1990, he published the novel Jurassic Park, and in 1993 began a collaboration with director Steven Spielberg on the film adaptation of that. The Crichton-Spielberg team then returned to ER but decided to film the story as a two-hour pilot for a television series rather than as a feature film. Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment provided John Wells as the show's executive producer.

The script used to shoot the pilot was virtually unchanged from what Crichton had written in 1974. The only substantive changes made by the producers in 1994 made the Dr. Lewis character a woman and the Dr. Benton character an African-American, and shortened the running time by about 20 minutes in order for the pilot to air in a two-hour block on network TV.[5]

Due to a lack of time and money to build a set, the pilot episode of ER was filmed in the former Linda Vista Community Hospital in Los Angeles, an old facility that ceased operating as a medical center in 1990.[6] A set modeled after Los Angeles County General Hospital's emergency room was built soon after at the Warner Bros. studios in Burbank, California, although the show makes extensive use of location shoots in Chicago, most notably the city's famous "L" train platforms.

ER premiered on Monday, September 19, 1994 from 9:00-11:00 p.m. (EDT) and moved into the 10:00 p.m Thursday night timeslot three days later, where it remained for all fifteen seasons. Steven Spielberg left the show after one year in a producer's chair, but he made one critical decision with lasting effects: the Carol Hathaway character, who died at the end of the original script for the pilot episode, was retained.

ER was filmed in 1.78:1 widescreen from the start, even though it was not broadcast in widescreen until the seventh season when it began appearing in the 1080i HD format where NBC was being broadcast digitally.[citation needed] Since the sixth episode of Season 7, it has appeared in letterbox format when in standard definition. As a result, every US DVD box set shows the widescreen versions of the episodes, including those episodes originally broadcast in 1.33:1 (full screen) format. The episodes also appear in 1080i widescreen when rerun on TNT HD, though the first six seasons still show in fullscreen on the digital TNT network. Only the live episode "Ambush" at the beginning of the fourth season, and the opening credits for the first six seasons, are in standard 4:3 aspect ratio.

Standard television contracts for principal characters posed a problem throughout the series run. The main result was the replacement of all principal characters from the pilot episode between Season Five (the Doug Ross character) and Season Twelve (the John Carter character). Writers and producers maintained continuity by frequently introducing new principals and by persuading actors to return for extra-contractual scenes after their characters' departures. The first of these scenes came at the end of Season Six, when George Clooney (as Doug Ross) is seen briefly in the final appearance of the Carol Hathaway character; more recent scenes have included the guest appearances by Noah Wylie (as John Carter) in the Darfur-based episodes of Season Thirteen and the multiple appearances of Goran Visnjic (as Luka Kovač) in Seasons Fourteen and Fifteen. Continuity has also been maintained by the frequent appearances of secondary characters such as Nurses Haleh Adams, Lydia Wright-Grabarsky, and Chuni Marquez (played by Yvette Freeman, Ellen Crawford, and Laura Ceron, respectively). Finally, continuity is maintained by the fact that the tenure of some of the current principals overlapped with some of the original cast. For instance, the Neela Rasgotra character overlapped with the John Carter and Susan Lewis characters.

On April 2, 2008, NBC announced that the series would end after Season Fifteen (2008-9).[7]

Main article: List of ER episodes

ER has had many memorable episodes, and is particularly notable for broadcasting a live episode, "Ambush," in 1997, with the NBC camera crew disguised as a PBS crew making a documentary film in the hospital. The actors performed the show again three hours later so that the West Coast airing would be live as well. This episode received Emmy Award nominations for Outstanding Directing and Outstanding Lighting Direction (Electronic), and won the Emmy for Outstanding Technical Direction/Camera/Video for a Series.

Most episodes center on the ER, with almost all scenes at the hospital. There is, however, often at least one scene showing the goings-on of the ER staff outside the hospital. Also, there is a tradition to feature storylines each season completely outside of the ER. One early such instance involved a road trip near Las Vegas, Nevada (Drs. Ross and Greene). Season Eight included a storyline in Hawaii (Drs. Greene and Corday). More recently, the series has included storylines in Democratic Republic of Congo (Drs. Kovac and Carter) and Darfur, Sudan (Drs. Pratt and Carter, with Noah Wyle appearing as a guest star in the season following his departure from the show).

The original cast consisted of Anthony Edwards as Dr. Mark Greene, George Clooney as Dr. Doug Ross, Sherry Stringfield as Dr. Susan Lewis, Noah Wyle as John Carter, and Eriq La Salle as Dr. Peter Benton. Julianna Margulies guest starred in the pilot as Carol Hathaway before becoming part of the regular cast. The first additions to the cast came in Season Two with Jeannie Boulet (Gloria Ruben) and Kerry Weaver (Laura Innes) signing on. The cast remained largely unchanged until Season Five, when Kellie Martin joined the cast as medical student Lucy Knight and George Clooney became the first major departure. As a result, Season Six opened with addition of then-unknown Croatian actor Goran Visnjic to the cast as the tragic Dr. Luka Kovac and soon after, Maura Tierney as Abby Lockhart, who together formed the series longest running, and most complicated, romantic relationship. By the end of Season Eight, only one member of the original cast, Noah Wyle, remained. For the final four seasons (Seasons Twelve through Fifteen), no original main cast members remained on the show, although Noah Wyle appeared as a guest star in four episodes of Season Twelve and Anthony Edwards returned for a guest spot in a Season Fifteen flashback.

Actor Role Appearance as Star as Guest Star / Supporting Actor
Season Episode Season Episode
Current (sorted by senority as main cast)
Parminder Nagra Dr. Neela Rasgotra 10– 204– 10 202
Linda Cardellini Nurse Samantha Taggart 10– 206–
Scott Grimes Dr. Archie Morris 12– 246– 10–11 204–206, 208–209, 212, 215–217, 220–222, 224, 226, 228, 230, 232, 234, 236, 238–239, 241–242, 244–245
John Stamos Dr. Tony Gates 13– 269– 12 252–253
David Lyons Dr. Simon Brenner 15– 310– 14 304, 306-309
Angela Bassett Dr. Cate Banfield 15– 311–
Past (sorted by final appearance as main cast)
Goran Visnjic Dr. Luka Kovač 6–15 114–290; 295, 298–300, 304, 306, 309, 312
Maura Tierney Dr. Abby Lockhart 6–15 125–310, 312 6 121
Mekhi Phifer Dr. Gregory Pratt 9–15 180–310 8 175–177, 179
Shane West Dr. Ray Barnett 11–13 224–290 15 314
Laura Innes Dr. Kerry Weaver 3–13 48–280 2, 15 26–29, 31, 34–35, 38, 40, 43–47, 316
Sherry Stringfield Dr. Susan Lewis 1–3, 8–12 1–55, 161–246
Noah Wyle Dr. John Carter 1–11 1–245 12 259–260, 264–265
Ming-Na Dr. Jing-Mei Chen 6–11 123–232 1 13–17, 19–21
Alex Kingston Dr. Elizabeth Corday 4–11 70–227
Sharif Atkins Dr. Michael Gallant 8–10 172–219 8, 11–12 164–166, 168–170, 239–240, 253–254, 257, 266
Paul McCrane Dr. Robert "Rocket" Romano 6–10 114–209 4, 5, 15 74–75, 77–81, 84–90, 93, 95–96, 100–101, 103–107, 109–113, 316
Anthony Edwards Dr. Mark Greene 1–8, 15 1–179, 3161
Michael Michele Dr. Cleo Finch 6–8 114–167, 178
Eriq La Salle Dr. Peter Benton 1–8 1–167, 172, 178
Erik Palladino Dr. Dave Malucci 6–8 120–161 6 115–119
Julianna Margulies Nurse Carol Hathaway 1–6 2-134 1 1
Kellie Martin Lucy Knight 5–6 92–127
Gloria Reuben Jeanie Boulet, P.A. 2–6 31–119 1, 2, 14 14–17, 20–28, 301
George Clooney Dr. Doug Ross 1–5 1–106 6 134
Maria Bello Dr. Anna Del Amico 4 70–91 3 67–69

Note 1: Although Edwards was billed with the regular cast in Episode 316, his was a single-episode reprise of role he left at the end of Season 8.[8]

Season 8 main cast

Sherry Stringfield's first departure on the show was in 1996, when her character, Susan Lewis, moved to Phoenix, Arizona, in the Season 3 episode "Union Station." In 2001, Stringfield returned to the series, reprising her role of Dr. Lewis, in the Season 8 episode "Never Say Never." She departed again in the Season 12 premiere, "Canon City." This second departure was not depicted, but rather mentioned by character Kerry Weaver four episodes later in "Wake Up," when she explains that Susan had accepted a tenure-track position at a hospital in Iowa City, Iowa, after having been denied tenure at County.

After playing Anna Del Amico for one season, Maria Bello was not a part of the ensemble cast when Season 5 began. Like Susan Lewis's second exit, her character's departure was mentioned but not depicted; in the season premiere, "Day for Knight," Carter explains to new medical student Lucy Knight that the locker she is inheriting used to belong to Anna Del Amico, who is working in a pediatric ER back in Philadelphia, where she has family and a boyfriend.

George Clooney left the show in 1999, in the Season 5 episode "The Storm, Part 2," when his character, Doug Ross, quit before being fired by County for his involvement in a patient's death. Clooney made a brief reappearance in the Season 6 episode "Such Sweet Sorrow" when his character reunited with Carol Hathaway.

Gloria Reuben departed early in Season 6, in the episode "The Peace of Wild Things," when her character, Jeanie Boulet, decided to become a stay-at-home mom and care for her newly adopted HIV-positive baby. Reuben returned in the season 14 episode "Status Quo" with her HIV positive child.

Kellie Martin, who played medical student Lucy Knight, left the series midway through Season 6 in the episode "All In The Family," when her character was killed by a patient suffering from undiagnosed schizophrenia; his psychotic break occurred before a backed-up psychiatry department could arrive in the ER for a consult.

Julianna Margulies left the show at the end of Season 6, in the episode "Such Sweet Sorrow," when her character, Carol Hathaway, decided on the spur of the moment to go to Seattle, Washington, and reunite with Doug Ross, her true love and the father of her twin daughters.

Erik Palladino departed early in Season 8, in the episode ("Never Say Never") after his character, Dave Malucci, was fired for inappropriate conduct.

Eriq La Salle's character, Peter Benton, departed in the Season 8 episode "I'll Be Home For Christmas". He took a job with a set schedule at another hospital in order to spend more time with his son, Reese, and his girlfriend, former fellow ER doctor Cleo Finch. His character returned two more times that season in episodes "It's All In Your Head" and "On The Beach".

Michael Michele's character, Cleo Finch, departed in the Season 8 episode "I'll Be Home For Christmas" with her boyfriend, and fellow doctor, Peter Benton, after having previously taken a job at the same hospital with set schedules (in fact it was she who arranged the interview which resulted in Benton's job offer). Her character returned one more time that season in the episode "On The Beach".

Anthony Edwards's character, Mark Greene, died of a brain tumor in Season 8's penultimate episode, "On the Beach." Unusually, Anthony Edwards was credited in the following episode "Lockdown". Edwards returned in the 15th season episode "Heal Thyself". He appeared in multiple flashback scenes to give insight into the past of Angela Bassett's character.[9]

Paul McCrane's character, Robert Romano, whose arm had been severed just above the elbow by a helicopter's tail rotor in the Season 9 premiere "Chaos Theory," was killed in the Season 10 episode "Freefall" when a helicopter that was taking off from the hospital roof was buffeted by strong winds, causing it to crash on the roof and plummet over the side of the building; it fell into a crowded ambulance bay and landed squarely on Romano. McCrane returned in the 15th season episode "Heal Thyself" in a cameo.

Sharif Atkins left the series twice. The first time was in the Season 10 episode "Where There's Smoke," when his character, Michael Gallant, revealed that the Army was sending him to Iraq. He returned for two episodes in Season 11 and for four episodes in Season 12, where in the episode "The Gallant Hero and The Tragic Victor," he was killed by an improvised explosive device while serving a second tour in Iraq.

Alex Kingston's character, Elizabeth Corday, left the series in the Season 11 episode "Fear" after getting in trouble for performing an illegal organ donation procedure; rather than being summarily fired, County offered her a demotion to a non-tenured position, but she turned it down and opted to return to England instead. In an interview with Britain's Radio Times magazine, Kingston spoke of being written off the show due to her age, a statement that sparked some controversy. She later withdrew that claim.[10] Kingston will return to the show in the 15th season episode "Dream Runner" as a guest star.[11]

Ming-Na left in Season 11 as an attending physician when her character, Jing-Mei Chen, resigned in in order to take care of her ailing father, whom she later euthanized in the episode "Twas the Night." This was the second time her character left County General; in Season 1, medical student "Deb" Chen recurred in an eight episode story arc which concluded with her leaving medical school after deciding she was better suited to research than to applied medicine.

Noah Wyle left in the Season 11 finale, "The Show Must Go On." His character, John Carter, after having received tenure at County, decided to reunite with his girlfriend Kem Likasu (portrayed by Thandie Newton). During Season 12, Wyle returned as Carter and made guest appearances in four episodes: "Quintessence of Dust," "Darfur," "No Place to Hide," and "There Are No Angels Here." He is reported to make further guest appearances in season 15.

Laura Innes left midway through Season 13, in the episode "A House Divided," when a reluctant Luka Kovač was forced by budget cuts to fire her character, Kerry Weaver. After bracing for a battle to keep her position, and in spite of the fact that Kovač realized he must find a way to keep her on staff, Weaver ultimately decided to resign from County and accept a job offer from a television station in Miami, Florida. Innes returned in the 15th season episode "Heal Thyself" in a cameo.

Shane West left at the end of the 13th season after his character, Ray Barnett lost both his legs and returned to Baton Rouge with his mother to recuperate. West's final appearance as a main cast member was in "The Honeymoon is Over." West returned in the 15th season episode "Haunted" to visit Neela and the rest of the staff.

Mekhi Phifer departed during the first episode of Season 15. His character, Gregory Pratt, died in the ER as the result of blast injuries suffered in an ambulance explosion in the final episode of Season 14.

Goran Visnjic departed in the third episode of season 15 in an episode entitled "Book of Abby" with his TV wife Abby Lockhart. Along with their son Joe, they presumably headed to Boston, where Abby got a new job. [3] Luka had previously left the show in the season finale of season 13 when he left for Croatia to care for his ailing father. He returned for seven episodes in season 14 to wrap up his medical storyline and then made a brief appearance in "Book of Abby" where he, Abby, and their son Joe embark on their new life together.

Maura Tierney departed in the third episode of season 15 in an episode entitled "Book of Abby" with her TV husband Luka Kovac. Along with their son Joe, they presumably headed to Boston, where Abby got a new job. [3] She attempted to leave the ER quietly, however the rest of the staff made it known how much they will miss her. Nurse Haleh Adams showed Abby a hidden wall with the locker labels of all the past staff members since season one, with the exception of Carter who refused to deface government property (the other names on the wall were mostly departed former characters as well as some prominent writers and producers). Abby then left the ER and met Luka and her son Joe outside where they embark on their new life together.

Memorable appearances on the show have included:

Guest stars whose performances won Emmys are:

Guest stars whose performances earned Emmy nominations include:

Main article: List of supporting characters in ER
Main article: Minor doctors in ER
Main article: Minor nurses in ER

Seasonal rankings (based on average total viewers per episode) of ER on NBC.

Note: Each U.S. network television season starts in late September and ends in late May, which coincides with the completion of May sweeps. All times mentioned in this section were in the Eastern & Pacific time zones.

Season Season Premiere Season Finale TV Season Viewer
Rank (#)		 Viewers
(in millions)
1st September 19, 1994 May 18, 1995 1994-1995 2[12] 28.9[citation needed]
2nd September 21, 1995 May 16, 1996 1995-1996 1[12] 32.0[citation needed]
3rd September 26, 1996 May 15, 1997 1996-1997 1[12] 30.8[citation needed]
4th September 25, 1997 May 14, 1998 1997-1998 2[12] 30.2[citation needed]
5th September 24, 1998 May 20, 1999 1998-1999 1[13] 25.4[13]
6th September 30, 1999 May 18, 2000 1999-2000 4[12] 25.0[14]
7th October 12, 2000 May 17, 2001 2000-2001 2[15] 22.4[15]
8th September 27, 2001 May 16, 2002 2001-2002 3[16] 22.1[16]
9th September 26, 2002 May 15, 2003 2002-2003 4[17] 20.0[17]
10th September 25, 2003 May 13, 2004 2003-2004 8[18] 19.5[18]
11th September 23, 2004 May 19, 2005 2004-2005 16[19] 15.5[19]
12th September 22, 2005 May 18, 2006 2005-2006 30[20] 12.3[20]
13th September 21, 2006 May 17, 2007 2006-2007 31[21] 11.5[21]
14th September 27, 2007 May 15, 2008 2007-2008 54 9.2
15th September 25, 2008 March 12, 2009 2008-2009 TBA TBA

Main article: List of ER awards and nominations

ER won the George Foster Peabody Award in 1995. In addition, the series has earned 123 Emmy Award nominations, making it the most Emmy-nominated show in history.[22] as well as 22 Emmy Awards (at least one every year up to and including 2005, except for 2004). It also won the People's Choice Award for "Favorite Television Dramatic Series" every year from 1995 to 2002. Over the years, it has been nominated for and/or won numerous other awards, including Screen Actors Guild Awards, Image Awards, GLAAD Media Awards, and Golden Globe Awards, among others.[23]

The following is a partial list of major awards and nominations received by the show, its cast, and crew.

Emmy Awards

  • Outstanding Drama Series (1996)
  • Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1995)
  • Outstanding Individual Achievement in Directing for a Drama Series—Mimi Leder for episode "Love's Labor Lost" (1995)
  • Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series—Sally Field (2001)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—Ray Liotta (2005)

Golden Globe Awards

  • Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series-Drama—Anthony Edwards (1998)

Screen Actors Guild Awards

  • Best Performance by a Cast in a Drama Series (1996-1999) 4 wins
  • Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1998-99) 2 wins
  • Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series—Anthony Edwards (1996, 1998) 2 wins

Emmy Awards

  • Outstanding Drama Series (1995, 1997-2001) 6 nominations
  • Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series—Anthony Edwards (1995-98) 4 nominations
  • Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series—George Clooney (1995-96) 2 nominations
  • Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1997-2000) 4 nominations
  • Outstanding Lead Actress in a Drama Series—Sherry Stringfield (1995-97) 3 nominations
  • Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series—Noah Wyle (1995-99) 5 nominations
  • Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series—Eriq La Salle (1995, 1997-98) 3 nominations
  • Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series- Paul McCrane (2001)
  • Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Maura Tierney (2001)
  • Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Laura Innes (1997-98) 2 nominations
  • Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Gloria Reuben (1997-98) 2 nominations
  • Outstanding Supporting Actress in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1996)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series-Forest Whitaker (2007)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—James Woods (2006)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—Red Buttons (2005)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—Bob Newhart (2004)
  • Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series—Don Cheadle (2003)
  • Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series—Sally Field (2003)

Golden Globe Awards

  • Best TV Series-Drama (1995-2001) 7 nominations
  • Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series-Drama—Anthony Edwards (1996-97, 1999) 3 nominations
  • Best Performance by an Actor in a TV Series-Drama—George Clooney (1996-98) 3 nominations
  • Best Performance by an Actress in a TV Series-Drama—Julianna Margulies (1999-2000) 3 nominations
  • Best Performance by an Actress in a TV Series-Drama—Sherry Stringfield (1996-97) 2 nominations
  • Best Performance by a Supporting Actor in a TV Series—Noah Wyle (1997-99) 3 nominations
  • Best Performance by a Supporting Actor in a TV Series—Eriq La Salle (1998)
  • Best Performance by a Supporting Actress in a TV Series—Gloria Reuben (1998)
  • Best Performance by a Supporting Actress in a TV Series—Julianna Margulies (1996)
  • Best Performance by a Supporting Actress in a TV Series—CCH Pounder (1997)

Screen Actors Guild Awards

  • Best Performance by a Cast in a Drama Series (1995, 1998, 2000-01) 4 nominations
  • Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series—Sally Field (2001)
  • Best Performance by a Female Actor in a Drama Series—Julianna Margulies (1996)
  • Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series—Anthony Edwards (1997, 1999, 2001) 3 nominations
  • Best Performance by a Male Actor in a Drama Series—George Clooney (1996-97) 2 nominations

Season Date of Region 1 DVD Release Date of UK Region 2* DVD Release Date of AUS Region 4 DVD Release
The Complete First Season (1994-1995) August 26, 2003 February 23, 2004 April 28, 2004
The Complete Second Season (1995-1996) April 27, 2004 July 26, 2004 July 15, 2004
The Complete Third Season (1996-1997) April 26, 2005 January 31, 2005 December 16, 2004
The Complete Fourth Season (1997-1998) December 20, 2005 May 16, 2005 April 27, 2005
The Complete Fifth Season (1998-1999) July 11, 2006 October 24, 2005 November 15, 2005
The Complete Sixth Season (1999-2000) December 19, 2006 April 3, 2006 May 5, 2006
The Complete Seventh Season (2000-2001) May 15, 2007 September 18, 2006 October 3, 2006
The Complete Eighth Season (2001-2002) January 22, 2008 July 16, 2007[24] September 6, 2007
The Complete Ninth Season (2002-2003) June 17, 2008[25] October 29, 2007[26] October 31, 2007
The Complete Tenth Season (2003-2004) March 03, 2009[27] January 28, 2008 May 07, 2008[28]
The Complete Eleventh Season (2004-2005) Not yet released April 21, 2008[29] May 07, 2008[30]
The Complete Twelfth Season (2005-2006) Not yet released September 15, 2008[31] Not yet released
The Complete Thirteenth Season (2006-2007) Not yet released November 03, 2008[32] Not yet released
The Complete Fourteenth Season (2007-2008) Not yet released Not yet released Not yet released
The Complete Fifteenth Season (2008-2009) Not yet released Not yet released Not yet released

The first six DVD box sets of ER are unusual in the fact that they are all in anamorphic widescreen even though these episodes were broadcast in a standard 4:3 format. Only the live episode "Ambush" is not in the widescreen format.

The series has also been released in other markets with different release dates.

  • ER soundtrack released in 1996 with various compositions from seasons 1 and 2 episodes by Martin Davich and James Newton Howard.
  • ER video game for Windows XP and 2000 released in 2005 where the player takes control of a character in the series and treats patients.

  1. ^ http://www.erheadquarters.com/news/11/after11years_033105.htm
  2. ^ NBC PICKS UP CLASSIC, EMMY AWARD-WINNING 'ER' FOR 15TH AND FINAL SEASON
  3. ^ a b c NBC veteran 'ER' will end its run next year - USATODAY.com
  4. ^ NBC FALLOUT: "KNIGHT" CUT, "ER" EXTENDED
  5. ^ Michael Crichton, commentary track, ER Season One DVD set
  6. ^ http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA6083/# Linda Vista Hospital
  7. ^ NBC PICKS UP CLASSIC, EMMY AWARD-WINNING 'ER' FOR 15TH AND FINAL SEASON
  8. ^ http://www.nbcumv.com/entertainment/release_detail.nbc/entertainment-20080904000000-nbcannouncesgolden.html
  9. ^ "Anthony Edwards Scrubs Back in at ER". TV Guide (2008). Retrieved on 2008-09-04.
  10. ^ Zap2it - TV news - Kingston Discharged from 'ER'
  11. ^ TVGuide - News - Alex Kingston Books Appointment for ER Return
  12. ^ a b c d e A Dramatic Achievement (Variety Magazine) – Maynard, Kevin: While cast revolves, auds stay involved (from May 2003), access on October 23, 2006
  13. ^ a b "TV Winners & Losers: Numbers Racket A Final Tally Of The Season's Show (from Nielsen Media Research)", Entertainment Weekly (1999-06-04). 
  14. ^ Quotenmeter.de: US-Jahrescharts 1999/2000, access on October 23, 2006
  15. ^ a b Armstrong, Mark (2001-05-25). "Outback in Front: CBS Wins Season", E! Online. 
  16. ^ a b "How did your favorite show rate?", USA Today (2002-05-28). 
  17. ^ a b Ryan, Joal (2003-05-22). "TV Season Wraps; 'CSI' Rules". E! Online. Retrieved on 2006-09-16.
  18. ^ a b Ryan, Joal (2004-05-27). ""Idol" Rules TV Season". E! Online. Retrieved on 2006-10-14.
  19. ^ a b "2004-05 Final audience and ratings figures", Hollywood Reporter (2005-05-27). 
  20. ^ a b "2005-06 primetime wrap", Hollywood Reporter (2006-05-26). 
  21. ^ a b "Hollywood Reporter: 2006-07 primetime wrap" (May 25, 2007). 
  22. ^ 2005-2006 Facts and Figures from the Emmy Awards. Retrieved July 22, 2006.
  23. ^ "ER" (1994) - Awards
  24. ^ Play.com Release
  25. ^ ER DVD news: Season 9 DVD Announced | TVShowsOnDVD.com
  26. ^ Play.com (UK) : E.R. (Emergency Room): Season 9 (3 Discs) : DVD - Free Delivery
  27. ^ [1]
  28. ^ E.R. - The Complete 10th Season (Slimline Set) @ EzyDVD
  29. ^ Play.com (UK) : E.R. (Emergency Room): Season 11 : DVD - Free Delivery
  30. ^ E.R. - The Complete 11th Season (Slimline Set) @ EzyDVD
  31. ^ Play.com (UK) : E.R. (Emergency Room): Season 12 (3 Discs) : DVD - Free Delivery
  32. ^ Play.com (UK) : E.R. (Emergency Room): Season 13 : DVD - Free Delivery

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